The average roughness ra in each specimen before testing was 1 m. Solids losses can result in significant operating costs, especially when the solid particles are an expensive catalyst. Erosion corrosion is a degradation of material surface due to mechanical action, often by impinging liquid, abrasion by a slurry, particles suspended in fast flowing liquid or gas, bubbles or droplets, cavitation, etc. Keywords solid particle erosion, polymer matrix composites, metal. Examples of components subjected to solid particle erosion. I am thinking possibly something to do with flow simulation, using air as the working fluid and doing a particle study with timber. Solid particle erosion behavior of nicral2o3zro2 8y. One of the most critical wear mechanisms is erosion by particle impact. Proceedings of the world congress on engineering 2011 vol iii.
Article information, pdf download for solid particle erosion of composite. Distribution of the erosion rate per impacted particle can further demonstrate the particle erosion picture on bend walls. Astm g76 standard test method for conducting erosion. Erosion is a wear process, in which surface damage is caused by the repeated application of high localised stresses. This test method may be used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of different materials and has been used as a screening test for ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated service environments 1,2. Solid particle erosion tests have been conducted on three different aluminabased refractories at elevated temperatures up to 1400 c, using sharp sic particles between 325 and 830 m in diameter. Thermoplastic polyurethanecarbon black nanocomposite. Pdf solidparticle erosion tests were carried out to study the effect of matrix material, impact angle, and impact velocity on the erosion behavior of. Pdf investigation on solid particle erosion behaviour of. Morphology and solid particle erosion wear behavior of red. Solid particle erosion can cause serious damage to equipment in many industrial environments such as to oil and gas pipelines and subsea components, steam. The erosion process is characterized by two failure modes, namely intercrystalline fracture and lateral cracking. Numerical study of solid particle erosion in a centrifugal. Solid particle erosion of thermal spray and physical vapour deposition thermal barrier coatings.
The effect of various parameters such as impact angle, particle size, velocity and. Save a view settings file containing the massed particle traces used to compute erosion. Basic theory of particle size analysis by sedimentation sedimentation of particles in a fluid has long been used to characterise particle size distribution. Warp practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid. Modeling and simulation of solid particle erosion of.
Sem approach is an effective approach to probe the wear mechanism of the composites. The schist shows the features of plastic deformation, and a. Pdf study of solid particle erosion on helicopter rotor. In this particular case, the eroded surface was completely covered with the erosion debris in the form of flakes or platelets. During flight a particle carries momentum and kinetic energy, which can be dissipated during impact, due to its interaction with a target surface. Erosion can be defined as the mechanical loss of material by the impact of solid particles e. Astm g standard test method for conducting erosion tests by solid particle. Threshold fracture energy in solid particle erosion core.
Particle depositions in bends mainly happen on the outer bend walls as shown in figure 1 and previous research results. This test method can be used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of different materials and has been used as a screening test for ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated service environments. Tpu has the mechanical properties of rubber and can be. Solid particle erosion test at high temperature nova swiss. Unlike the solid particle erosion mechanism for ductile materials, there is wide acceptance of the erosion mechanism for brittle material. The relationship between these parameters is shown in eq. Solid particle erosion on different metallic materials 65 ground using sic emery paper grade 1200. Effect of impacting particle kinetic energy on slurry erosion wear.
The article also details the various test methods used to measure impact velocity of particle and data analysis and interpretation of these four methods. Evaluation of solid particle erosion equations and models. In this study, solid particle erosion of the entire centrifugal pump for liquid solid flow is investigated numerically. The alumina particles had a particle size between 300 and 400. The erosion of ductile metals by solid particle impact.
Sediment erosion prediction for a francis turbine based on. The contribution of the cavendish laboratory to the understanding of solid particle erosion mechanisms s. Solid particle erosion is a mechanical process that removes material by the impact of solid particles entrained in the flow. When a fluid containing erosive particles flows through two or more elbows mounted in series with short distances between them, the downstream elbows which are installed after the first elbow are exposed to erosion from a flow that is not fully developed, and therefore, the characteristics of erosive wear in the second elbow can be different than the first. For ductile materials it is possible to predict the manner in which material removal varies with the direction and velocity of the eroding particles. Practical estimation of erosion damage caused by solid.
Testing on ferrous and nonferrous materials has been widely carried out to study their erosion resistance. For this reason, it was concluded that at low impact velocities the erosion damage was. The az and cz were sprayed with the plasma technik pt2000 system, table 1. Application of diffusion treatment against solid particle erosion. Many researchers has observed that during the impact the target can be locally scratched. Introduction the production of sand together with the reservoir fluid has become one of.
Tabakoff university of cincinnati, cincinnati, ohio 45221 and r. Two slurry test rigs are available for testing coupon samples of sand control screens and a largescale flow loop allow for testing fullsize screen assemblies. In case of longterm continuous operation, 1st stage nozzle may experience solid particle erosion due to scales from inlet steam piping. A new solid particle erosion model for oriented fiber. Sediment erosion model the sediment erosion over the wall surface produced by the solid particle is modeled as a function of the particle property and velocity, as.
The abrasive particle used was silicon carbide sic of an. These coupon tests allow for systematic testing of. Particle tracing for fluid flow interface is used to compute the erosion of a pipe bend. Two particle impact velocities 84 ms and 98 ms and two impingement angles 30 degree and 90 degree are used in the test. Pdf evaluation of solid particle erosion equations and. Solid particle erosion and erosion corrosion of materials. Effect of liquid and gas velocities on magnitude and. The overall correlation for the erosion rate has been established empirically 2732. The impact speed is 50ms and the impact angle is varied between 30 and 90. Standard test method for conducting erosion tests by solid particle impingement using gas jets. Different approaches have been used to control or minimize damage caused by erosion in particulated gas solid or liquid solid flows. Modeling and numerical analysis of the solid particle erosion.
Wiederhorn a11ttbddb nationalmeasurementlaboratory centerformaterialsscience nationalbureauofstandards january 1979. The effects of flow velocity and sand particle size on the rate of erosion in a typical shellandtube heat exchanger were investigated. Solidparticle erosion behavior of stellite alloys by. Standard test method for conducting erosion tests by solid. Detailed erosion magnitude and locations can be interpreted. Bubbles also need to be managed, as large bubbles can travel faster than smaller bubbles in a fluidized bed, which reduces the. Erosion wear of cast iron has been eval uated in a pot tester for narrowsized and i11ultisized particulate sandwater slurries. Effect of impacting particle kinetic energy on slurry. Erosion by solid particle impact is a problem of great practical significance which can result in component failures in, for example, turbines and energy conversion systems. Among the various factors, particle size and velocity have been considered to be the most important parameters that cause erosion. Simulating erosion using ansys computational fluid dynamics vedanth srinivasan, ph. The paper first discusses some aspects of the fluid flow conditions which may lead to erosion and then analyses the mechanism of material removal for ductile and brittle materials. Occurrence, prediction and control collects together the work of more than industriallysupported research. The results show that the erosion rate increases as.
Im not sure if this will work or if anyone knows a better idea on how to do it. Dec 30, 2011 solid particle sand erosion testing was conducted by the university of dayton research institute to determine the erosion resistance of materials currently used on the leading edges of army aviation rotor blades of aircraft in southwest asia swa. In this paper, 8ysz ceramics reinforced by nicr alloy and al2o3 particles were pressureless sintered at an optimized sintering condition. Erosion is a leading cause of failure of oil and gas pipelines and fittings in fluid handling industries. The samples had a rectangular shape with dimensions of 50 x 25 mm2 and 3 mm in thickness. Pdf solidparticle erosion behavior of highperformance. Different models have been proposed that allow estimations of the stresses that a moving particle will impose on a target 11. The aim of present study is to analyze the parametric dependence of erosion wear of aluminum in sand water suspension.
Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place. Basic theory of particle size analysis by sedimentation. We have a wellestablished sand control screen erosion program that originated in the late 1990s. Solid particle erosion of basalt fiber and glass fiberepoxy composite 33 the worn surface features of the composites were examined using a scanning electron microscope sem. Solid particle erosion of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings. Solid particle erosion of blades 2 93 hiope 3 erosion mechanisms 27 6 solid particle erosion of turbine blades 56 7 reduction of solid particle erosion 72 1 generals for solid particle erosion 2 2 prediction of particle behaviors 19 5 solid particle erosion of valves 48 4 erosion parameters 31. Experimental investigation and analytical modeling of solidparticle. Solid particle erosion and erosioncorrosion of materials. The solid particle erosion spe test system involves repeated impacts of the erodent particles driven by pressurized air striking the surface of. Particle transport model ansys customer portal login. Evaluation of solid particle erosion equations and models for. In order to select high erosion resistant materials or to estimate erosion damage caused by solid particle impact in actual cases, it is very important to take the mechanical properties of a material into account.
Modeling and simulation of solid particle erosion of protective films. Pdf solid particle erosion of thermal spray and physical. Aug 11, 2012 the erosion of schist due to impinging quartz and glass particles is investigated. Attention was paid to the effects of testing variables e. Solid particle erosion on different metallic materials intechopen.
Erosion of schist due to solid particle impingement. Material properties for particle and solid surface. User inputs drive the udf and journal file in the background multiple erosion models to choose. Pdf solidparticle erosion in the tube end of the tube.
Effect of particle size on erosion characteristics request pdf. Conservation practices are designed to either reduce the wind force at the soil surface or create a soil surface more resistant to wind forces. The particle tracing for fluid flow interface is used to compute the erosion of a pipe bend. Solid particle erosion spe is a wear process where particles strike against surfaces and promote material loss.
Solid particle erosion and erosion corrosion of materials levy, alan on. Evaluation of solid particle erosion equations and models for oil and gas industry applications h. After creating an erosion view, save a summary image. Solid particle erosion test at high temperature astm g 76 the solid particle erosion spe test system involves repeated impacts of the erodent particles driven by pressurized air striking the surface of the test sample. Wiederhorn a11ttbddb nationalmeasurementlaboratory centerformaterialsscience nationalbureauofstandards january 1979 interimreport4c 100,u56 781575 c. Philosophical magazine, 93 19, 24852496the effect of geometrical shape of eroding absolutely rigid particles on the threshold rate of failure has been studied. Solid particle erosion how is solid particle erosion abbreviated. Fluidized beds are prone to erosion and particle attrition caused by the moving particles.
Solid particle erosion test at high temperature astm g 76. When a particle hits a brittle surface, it creates lateral and radial cracks. A predictive equation that can be applied to a variety of types of material and impact conditions is difficult. The amount of material lost is computed using different erosion models. Erosion in longradius elbows and straight pipes due to limitations of the applicability of api rp 14e in the presence of sand, the erosion corrosion research center ecrc has developed models to predict the penetration in fittings resulting from sand erosion. Experimental investigation of solid particle erosion in. Review processes and influencing parameters of the solid particle. Abstract the goal of this work is to provide an evaluation of the uncertainties in the calculation and measurement of erosion caused by solid particles that are entrained in the produced fluids in the oil and gas industry. Effects of particle size and size distribution on estimating. Mar 28, 2014 the study is on the erosion rate of an abrasive particle air jet like a water jet cutter but with air the model is in an attachment. Wiederhorn nationalmeasurementlaboratory centerformaterialsscience nationalbureauofstandards. An erosion rig based on that in astm g7695 was used to conduct the tests. Threshold fracture energy in solid particle erosion. Aluminum has been chosen for target material as representative of ductile material.
Solid particle sand erosion testing was conducted by the university of dayton research institute to determine the erosion resistance of materials currently used on the leading edges of army aviation rotor blades of aircraft in southwest asia swa. Experimental investigation and analytical modeling of. Experimental evaluation of erosion of gunmetal under asymmetrical shaped sand particle. The particle velocity and the abrasive flow rate were 24 2 ms and 63 0.
The erosion wear resistance of ysz ceramics is worth studying because solid particle erosion is one of the main causes of destroying the materials and apparatuses. Erosion case study by computational fluid dynamics cfd. Astm g76 18 standard test method for conducting erosion. High pressure liquid withwithout solid particle impingement. Examples of fluid flows involving particulates that are best modeled using the particle transport model, include watersand mixtures in which erosion is of interest, water spray into an air stream, oil droplet injection in a combustion chamber and coal particulates burning in an air mixture. It is demonstrated that stellite alloys are more resistant to erosion at 90 degree. Solid particle erosion on different metallic materials. Solid particle erosion is a micromechanical process that is influenced by flow geometry, material of the impacting surface, impact angle, particle size and shape, particle velocity, flow condition and fluid properties. Simulating erosion using ansys computational fluid dynamics.
This test method may be used in the laboratory to measure the solid particle erosion of different materials and has been used as a screening test for ranking solid particle erosion rates of materials in simulated service environments 1, 2. Solid particle erosion1 friction, lubrication, and wear. I manage to simulate the air flow and include a particle study, however i have a bit of a problem. Time dependence of solidparticle impingement erosion of. The power exponent for particle velocity effects is 2. The experimental setup used to perform the erosion tests is briefly described. It has been suggested that in brittle material, erosion is due to crack formation srinivasan and scattergood, 1988, sundararajan, 1991, kleis and kulu, 2008. Optimum coating thickness for the protection of zinc sulphide and germanium substrates from solid particle erosion g. Solid particle erosion of blades 2 93 hiope 3 erosion mechanisms 27 6 solid particle erosion of turbine blades 56 7 reduction of solid particle erosion 72 1 generals for solid particle erosion 2 2 prediction of particle behaviors 19 5 solid particle erosion of valves 48 4 erosion. A workshop on erosion by solid particles focused attention on the status of applicable testing technologies.
Solid particle erosion, spe, is a wear process where particles strike against surfaces and promote material loss. Is there any way to model abrasion erosion on the clearing plates due to the flow of the wood in air. Solid particle erosion of various thermoset and thermoplastic polymerbased composites has been investigated 27,28. Erosion of surfaces by solid particles sciencedirect. Nbs publications nbsir781575 erosionbysolidparticle impact a. Among them, thermoplastic polyurethane tpu, a segmented copolymer characterized by a sequence of hard and soft blocks, has attracted signi. Solid particle erosion testing of helicopter rotor blade. Erosion is one of the major problems in many industrial processes, and in particular, in heat exchangers. High pressure liquid withwithout solid particle impingement erosion test. The oil and gas industry has suffered and continues to face many failures that can be attributed to erosion.
The at3 parts were produced by water stabilized plasma, using a wsp pal 160 system institute of plasma physics czech republic. Erosion prediction in centrifugal pump is complex because the flow field inside it is threedimensional 3d unsteady and erosion can be affected by numerous factors. In respect to the effect of the erodent particle shape on solid particle erosion, hutchings. Stokes law1 is used to determine an unknown distribution of spherical particle sizes by measuring. Pdf the present investigation reports about, the solid particle erosion behaviour of randomly oriented short eglass, carbon fibre and solid. Solid particle erosion spe is the loss of material that results from repeated impact of solid particles energized in a carrier fluid. Particle sand erosion testing of rotor blade protective materials. The effects of particle size and size distribution on erosion wear have been analyzed and the applicability of median.
Effect of bend radius on magnitude and location of erosion in. Correlative equations between impact parameters and erosion damage caused by solid particle impact have been proposed by many investigators,, but the development of a practical, predictive equation for the actual degradation of materials has not yet been achieved. Solid particle erosion1 friction, lubrication, and. Swri has a long track record of performing erosion research and testing projects. Solid particle erosion how is solid particle erosion. Al7075t6 were used to construct the shell model of helicopter rotor blade to study the solid particle erosion of helicopter rotor blades. Many conservation practices can be implemented to control wind erosion. Ramesh talreja among many useful properties of elastomers, one is their ability to absorb energy by deforming to large strains without fracturing.
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